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An overview about the EN15232
Energy performance of buildings - Impact of Building Automation Control and Building Management
Objectives
The EN15232 borns to estimate energy performance and energy use in buildings. Methods and conventions within defined should be used for existing buildings and for design of new ones.
Definitions
This standard defines:
- a structured list of control, building automation and technical management functions with an impact on buildings energy performance;
- a method to define the minimum requirements to be implemented in buildings of different complexities;
- methods to define the impact of building automation functions on a given building;
- a simple method to get a first estimation of the building automation functions impact on a typical building.
Impact of BACS (Building Automation and Control Systems) and TBM (Technical Building Management) on the energy performance of buildings
BAC (Building Automation and Control) efficiency classes
Four energy efficiency classes (A, B, C, D) are defined to evauate the performance of the building automation:
- D: non energy efficient BACS. New buildings shall not be built with such systems and existing ones shall be retrofitted;
- C: standard BACS;
- B: systems with advanced BACS and BMS
- A: high energy performance BACS and BMS.
Some functions and their impact on the definition of the energy efficiency classes
| Definition of classes | |||||||||
| Residential | Non residential | ||||||||
| D | C | B | A | D | C | B | A | ||
| Automatic control | |||||||||
| Ventilation and air conditioning control | |||||||||
| Air flow control at the room level | |||||||||
| 0 - No control | |||||||||
| 1 - Manual control | |||||||||
| 2 - Time control | |||||||||
| 3 - Presence control | |||||||||
| 4 - Demand control | |||||||||
| Air flow control at the air handler level | |||||||||
| 0 - No control | |||||||||
| 1 - On/off time control | |||||||||
| 2 - Automatic flow or pressupre control | |||||||||
| Supply Temperature control | |||||||||
| 0 - No control | |||||||||
| 1 - Constant set point | |||||||||
| 2 - Variable set point with outdoor temperature compensation | |||||||||
| 3 - Variable set point with load dependant compensation | |||||||||
| Lighting Control | |||||||||
| Occupancy control | |||||||||
| 0 - Manual on/off switch | |||||||||
| 1 - Manual on/off switch + additional sweeping extinction signal | |||||||||
| 2 - Automatic detection Auto On/Dimmed | |||||||||
| 3 - Automatic detection Auto On/Auto Off | |||||||||
| 4 - Automatic detection Manual On/Dimmed | |||||||||
| 5 - Automatic detection Manual On/Auto Off | |||||||||
| Daylight control | |||||||||
| 0 - Manual | |||||||||
| 1 - Auto | |||||||||
| Blind control | |||||||||
| 0 - Manual operation | |||||||||
| 1 - Motorized operation with manual control | |||||||||
| 2 - Motorized operation with automatica control | |||||||||
| 3 - Combined light/blind/HVAC control | |||||||||
| Building Automation | |||||||||
| 0 - No building automation function | |||||||||
| 1 - Adapting the operation of the building and technical systems to user needs | |||||||||
| 2 - Optimizing the operation by the tuning of the different controllers | |||||||||
| 3 - Standard alarming functions | |||||||||
| 4 - Standard monitoring functions | |||||||||
| Technical Building Management | |||||||||
| 0 - No technical building management function | |||||||||
| 1 - Detecting faults of building and technical systms and providing support to the diagnosis of these faults | |||||||||
| 2 - Reporting information regarding energy consumption, indoor conditions and possibilities for improvement | |||||||||
Calculation procedures of BAC efficiency
There are two methods to calculate the impact of the building automation and management functions on the building energy performance. First one is the detailed method and it requires a sufficient knowledge about which BACS functions are going to be used and the energy system is aviable.
The second method is based on BAC Factors and it allows a rough estimation of the impact of the automation on the building.
Detailed Method
This method describes five different approaches to calculate the impact of the automation:
- direct approach: performed using detailed methods as described in prEN 13790;
- operating mode approach: the impact is calculated by valuating the energy consumption of climate systems sequentially for each operating mode;
- time approach: used when the control system has a direct impact on the operating time of a device;
- temperature approach:used when the control system has a direct impact on the room temperature;
- correction coefficient approach: used when the control system intervenes in a more complex way (e.g. combined effect on time and temperature).
Method based on BAC efficiency factors
This method allows a rough evaluation of the impact of BACS and TBM systems on the energy performance of the building in a period of a year. The impact of each function (e.g. cooling/heating and lighting) is calculated using the pertinent standards.
The result of the evaluation are two sets of BAC efficiency factors (fBAC,hc and fBAC,e). The first one estimates the energy for heating and cooling, and the second one the electric energy for lighting and auxiliary factors.
| Non residential buildings | BAC efficiency factors fBAC,hc BAC efficiency factors fBAC,e | |||||||
| D | C | B | A | Energy saving adopting classes: | ||||
| No autom. | *Stand. autom. | Adv. autom. | Full autom. | D⇒A | D⇒B | C⇒A | C⇒B | |
| Offices | 1.51 1.10 | 1 | 0.80 0.93 | 0.70 0.87 | 54% 36% | 47% 27% | 30% 30% | 20% 20% |
| Lecture Hall | 1.24 1.06 | 1 | 0.75 0.94 | 0.35 0.89 | 60% 53% | 40% 29% | 50% 50% | 25% 25% |
| Education buildings (School) | 1.20 1.07 | 1 | 0.88 0.93 | 0.80 0.86 | 33% 25% | 27% 18% | 20% 20% | 12% 12% |
| Hospitals | 1.31 1.05 | 1 | 0.91 0.95 | 0.86 0.90 | 34% 18% | 31% 13% | 14% 14% | 9% 9% |
| Hotels | 1.31 1.04 | 1 | 0.85 0.96 | 0.68 0.92 | 48% 36% | 43% 21% | 32% 32% | 25% 15% |
| Restaurans | 1.23 1.08 | 1 | 0.77 0.95 | 0.68 0.91 | 45% 35% | 37% 26% | 32% 32% | 23% 23% |
| Wholesale and retail trade service buildings | 1.56 1.08 | 1 | 0.73 0.95 | 0.47 0.91 | 62% 44% | 53% 32% | 40% 40% | 27% 27% |
Residential buildings | ||||||||
| Single family houses Apartment block Other residential buildings | 1.10 1.08 | 1 | 0.88 0.93 | 0.81 0.92 | 26% 15% | 20% 14% | 19% 8% | 12% 7% |
* Standard automation is used as reference.
Examples of building automation with a positive impact on the energy consumes are the use of window contacts and the blind and lighting control. Both these functions are supported by Altecon's Building Automation solutions.
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